1. Login to cPanel
2. Click SSL/TLS Manager > Certificates (CRT) > Generate, view, upload or delete SSL certificates
3. In the Upload a New Certificate section click the Browse button and locate your SSL Server Certificate file your_domain_com.txt.
4. Click the Upload button.
5. Click the Go Back link to return to SSL/TLS Manger.

Setup the Domain

1. Click SSL/TLS Manager > Setup a SSL certificate to work with your site. If this option is not available to you your ISP may have disabled it and you will need to contact them to complete your SSL setup.
2. From the Domain drop down menu select the domain that will use the SSL Certificate. The system will attempt to Fetch the SSL Certificate and corresponding private key.
3. Open SSL_Intermediate.txt in Notepad or other simple text editor (not Word). Copy-and-paste all the contents of the GeoTrust_Intermediate.txt file into the Ca Bundle (CABUNDLE) box.
4. Click on Install Certificate. You should receive a message that the certificate was successfully installed. If you receive an error you may need to contact your web hosting provider for additional support.

How to set your subdomain SSL

1. Open public_html/.htaccess and add the following code

   RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} ^443$
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^abc\.domain\.com$ [NC]
   RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/abc/
   RewriteRule ^(.*) /abc/$1

   /abc/ is your subdomain folder under public_html.

1) Go to cPanel user folder

cd /home/user/

2) Create back the symbolic link

ln -s public_html www

3) Change the ownership of the www sym link to the cPanel user’s ownership

chown -h user.user www

4) Done. Do a ls -al to double check the sym link.

ls -al

for x in `\ls -A1 /var/cpanel/users/`; do /scripts/pkgacct --skiphomedir ${x} ; rsync -aP /home/cpmove-${x}.tar.gz -e ssh root@NEW-SERVER-IP:/home/ ; rm -f /home/cpmove-${x}.tar.gz ; done

Step 2: Restore all accounts on the new server

for x in `ls -A1 /home/cpmove*` ; do /scripts/restorepkg /home/${x} ; done

Step 3: Sync /home from old server to new server

 rsync -aP /home/ -e ssh root@NEW-SERVER-IP:/home/

mkdir /home/old_files && mv /home/*.tar.gz /home/old_files

2)

ls -1 /home/|grep -v '^\.'|sed -e 's/\///'|while read a; do /scripts/pkgacct ${a}; done &> /tmp/backup.log &

3) Review /tmp/backup.log

4)

scp /home/*.tar.gz root@server2:/home/

On server2 (new server):

1) Verify all accounts have been transfered from step 4 above

2)

 ls -1 /home/|grep gz$|while read f; do /scripts/restorepkg /home/${f}; done &> /tmp/restore.log &

3) Verify that no errors are to be found in /tmp/restore.log

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Firefox 4 sports many new features, such as: a refreshed user interface with tabs-on-top, improved tab organization, improved add-on organization, improved support for HTML 5 and CSS 3, and improved performance with JavaScript.

Download links for Firefox 4 are available below:

* Firefox 4 for Windows
* Firefox 4 for Mac OS X
* Firefox 4 for Linux (x86 and x64)

Please make sure before this installation, you will need 2 identical hard disk with same space connected to the server. But the truth is, you don’t need to same hard disk with the same space amount, but as long as you partitioned the space equally then it would be good as well. But for beginner, it is better to get a hard disk that got the same space quantity, less percentage that you would get yourself confused.

Below are the steps on how to enable the Software RAID inside Windows Server 2003:

1) You may follow the initial windows setup here:

http://www.iprobot.net/windows-tutorial/how-to-install-windows-server-2003/

2) After the installation has finished, click on Start button and right-click on My Computer. Select Manage and click on it:

3) Next is to select Disk Management:

4) Right-click on your current hard disk that contained the Windows and select Convert To Dynamic Disk:

5) Select the hard disk that you want to convert. Make sure to select the 2nd hard disk you want to add as RAID as well to convert to Dynamic Disk and click the Ok button:

6) Click Convert button to proceed:

7) Please be advised that you can’t convert the hard disks back once to normal once you have converted to dynamic. Click the Yes button to proceed:

Click Yes again to proceed:

9) After the conversion has been done, the system will go for a reboot.

10) Once the reboot done, open back the Computer Management and this time you can see both hard disks are labeled as Dynamic. Right click on the Disk 0 (which contains the operating system) and select Add Mirror (which is similar to RAID1, whereas the Extend Volume option is similar to RAID0) :

11) Now select the 2nd hard disk that you want to add as its mirror (RAID1) and click the button Add:

12) Now the system will start synchronizing. Don’t worry about the error message appeared since it is only mentioning that the boot file has been copied. Just wait for a while till it finished:

13) Once the synchronization has been done, this will be the final outlook of your hard disks appearance:

That is all on how to setup Software RAID on Windows Server 2003. It was relatively easy and quick. Happy Tryin

1) Coaxial Cable

It an electrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a flexible, tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

Coaxial cable is used as a transmission line for radio frequency signals, in applications such as connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, computer network (Internet) connections, and distributing cable television signals.

In the networking environment, they were once popular when connecting in a Token Ring network topology which has already obsolete.

2) Twisted Pair Cable

This is a type of wiring in which two conductors (the forward and return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.

Twisted Pair has 2 different model which is UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair). The difference between these two is that STP comes with a metal shield inside the wire jacket to prevent electromagnetic interference.

Twisted Pair also has two types of setting which is Straight Cable and Cross Cable. Straight cable normally being used to connect between pc-switch-pc topology. Meanwhile the Cross Cable is used only in direct connection between pc-pc. Although they are using the same cable, but their wiring codes are a bit difference. Below is an example of the cabling inside a normal Straight Cable and also Cross Cable:

Straight Cable

Cross Cable

The twisted pair comes with different type of categories. Below is the table showing each cable category’s specification:

Among all these categories, CAT5E is currently the widely used among normal networking interface and topology. But soon after, CAT6E usage is rapidly increasing as there has been more hardware that goes Gigabit-enabled. But in the data center environment, most of the network connection among their switches and routers are using Fiber Optic cables.

3) Fiber Optic Cable

An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.

In practical fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a tough resin buffer layer, which may be further surrounded by a jacket layer, usually plastic. These layers add strength to the fiber but do not contribute to its optical wave guide properties. Rigid fiber assemblies sometimes put light-absorbing (“dark”) glass between the fibers, to prevent light that leaks out of one fiber from entering another. This reduces cross-talk between the fibers, or reduces flare in fiber bundle imaging applications.

As been mentioned earlier, the fiber optics cable are getting popular in the data center usage. Some are quite critical to serve as the network backbone of the data center’s communication to the Internet Service Providers. Fiber Optics are way faster than a normal twister pair cables. It transmit packet much faster and travel even further before the need to use Repeaters. Most importantly, it doesn’t being affected by electromagnetic interference and very hard to tap.

Currently most underwater cables are using fiber optics.

Please make sure before this installation, you will need 2 identical hard disk with same space connected to the server. But the truth is, you don’t need to same hard disk with the same space amount, but as long as you partitioned the space equally then it would be good as well. But for beginner, it is better to get a hard disk that got the same space quantity, less percentage that you would get yourself confused.

Below are the steps on how to setup the Software RAID on FreeBSD:
1) Follow the initial operating system installation here:

http://www.iprobot.net/linux-tutorial/how-to-install-unix-freebsd/

2) Before starting, we need to enable the additional debugging information, or you will end up unable to run the mirroring process by typing sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=17

3) Now we are going to start the process. The current hard disk is located in /dev/ad0 and the software RAID that we are going to create will be on /dev/mirror/gm0. So begin typing this to initiate the geom process gmirror label -vb round-robin gm0 /dev/ad0

4) You should see this message upon entering the code above:
Metadata value stored on /dev/da0.
Done.

5) Now we will initialize the geom by typing gmirror load When successful, the /dev/mirror directory will be created.

6) We need to make sure that the boot loader is installed to the new mirror. So type echo ‘geom_mirror_load=”YES”‘ >> /boot/loader.conf

7) Just in case, just make a backup copy of fstab by typing cp fstab fstab.bak Then we will start editing the fstab by typing vi fstab

8 ) Now change the current hard disk settings from /dev/ad0xxx to /dev/mirror/gm0xxx for example like the screenshot below:

Before

After

9) Once saved and done, reboot the server now by typing init 6

10) After the reboot is done, now we can add the 2nd hard disk into the mirror by typing gmirror insert gm0 /dev/ad1

11) Once added, you can always type gmirror status to view the synchronizing status:

12) When you see the message below, it means that the synchronizing process is complete:

13) You can check again the status by typing gmirror status

14) With this, your FreeBSD Software RAID setup has been done. You also can view the gmirror device list by typing gmirror list The result be be shown like below:

That is it. Your Software RAID now is ready for use. Happy Tryin

For a normal installation of Debian or Ubuntu, you can refer to the links below for initial steps until the hard disk partitioning:

http://www.iprobot.net/linux-tutorial/how-to-install-linux-debian

http://www.iprobot.net/linux-tutorial/how-to-install-linux-ubuntu

Please make sure before this installation, you will need 2 identical hard disk with same space connected to the server. But the truth is, you don’t need to same hard disk with the same space amount, but as long as you partitioned the space equally then it would be good as well. But for beginner, it is better to get a hard disk that got the same space quantity, less percentage that you would get yourself confused.

Below are the steps on how to configure the Software RAID:

1) Select the Manual for the Partitioning Method:

2) On this screen, it will show you the available hard disk for the installation. Make sure both hard disks are visible. Now select the first hard disk and hit Enter:

3) A message will warns you that you are about to create a new partition that will destroy any existing partition. Choose Yes to proceed:

4) You will noticed that it will create a new partition at the bottom of the hard disk. Choose the new partition and hit Enter:

5) Select the Create New Partition:

6) Since we are creating the partition for boot, just type 100 MB in the line:

7) Choose the Primary partition:

8 ) Choose to create new partition at the Beginning of the space:

9) On this screen, move you selector to Use As and hit Enter:

10) Please choose the Physical Volume For RAID option:

11) Please make sure that the Bootable Flag is tuned On:

12) Choose the Done Setting Up The Partition to save the new partition:

13) You will be taken back to the first screen. Next is to choose the next free space and hit Enter:

14) Select the Create A New Partition:

15) Now we are adding the new partition for the Swap. Please take note that always make sure that the Swap size is double the amount than your physical RAM. Since my physical RAM was only 384MB, so my swap size should be set as 768 MB in the box:

16) Select the Primary option:

17) Select the Beginning option:

18 ) On the next screen, move your selector to the Use As and hit Enter:

19) Select the Physical Volume For RAID option:

20) After that, just straight away select the Done Setting Up The Partition to complete:

21) Back to the original screen, select the another free partition again and hit Enter:

22) Select the Create A New Partition option:

23) Now we are creating the partition for root. So just use all the leftover hard disk space:

24) Select the Primary option:

25) Move the selector to Use As and hit Enter:

26) Select the Physical Volume For RAID and hit Enter:

27) After that, just straight away choose the Done Setting Up The Partition:

28 ) Now moving on to the second hard disk for the partitioning. Hit Enter and please follow the Step 3 – 27 to do the same partitioning with the 2nd hard disk:

29) After the 2nd hard disk has been partitioned, the overall partition configuration will look exactly like the bottom. Each space in each partition will reflect to each other in the 2nd hard disk. So now move the selector to Configure Software RAID and hit Enter:

30) Select Yes to accept the new partition changes:

31) Now we will group the RAID hard disk. Select the Create MD Device option:

32) Choose your preferred RAID method. For now, we are going to choose RAID1:

33) Just leave the default number 2 for the number of RAID devices. This option may varies depending on which RAID type you selected:

34) Just leave it zero if you don’t put up any spare hard disk for your RAID:

35) Now select the SDA1 and SDB1 as we are creating the RAID for /boot:

36) When it has been done, choose the Finish to save the new RAID partition:

37) Now we are proceeding with the 2nd RAID partition. Choose the Configure Software RAID and hit Enter:

38 ) Select Yes to proceed with the RAID configuration:

39) Choose the Create MD Device option:

40) Choose the RAID1 option:

41) Just leave the default value of 2 RAID active devices and proceed:

42) Leave the default value of zero for the RAID spare array unless you know what you are doing:

43) Now select the SDA2 and SDB2 for the Swap partition purposes:

44) Select the Finish to complete the setting for the Swap partition:

45) Now we proceed with the /root partition setup. Choose the Configure Software RAID and hit Enter:

46) Select Yes to proceed with the RAID partition setup:

47) Choose the Create MD Device option:

48) Choose the RAID1 setup:

49) Just leave the default value of 2 for the active RAID devices:

50) Leave the default value of zero for the spare RAID devices:

51) Now select the remaining partition for /root space which are SDA3 and SDB3:

52) Soon after, just choose the Finish to complete the setup:

53) Now the initial software RAID is completed like the below picture, what’s left is to assign each RAID partition its role. Now select the RAID partition Device #0 for /boot setup:

54) Choose the Use As and hit Enter:

55) Choose the EXT3 Journaling File System (or EXT4 for Ubuntu) and hit Enter:

56) Now move the selector to the Mount Point and hit Enter:

57) Now select the /boot and hit Enter:

58) Select the Done Setting Up The Partition to complete the /boot partition setup:

59) At the first screen again, now select the RAID Device #1 and hit Enter:

60) Move the selector to the Use As and hit Enter:

61) This time we are going to create a Swap partition for the operating system. So select the Swap Area and hit Enter:

62) Just straight away select the Done Setting Up The Partition soon done:

63) Now is to edit the last partition of the RAID which is meant for /root. Select the RAID Device #2 and hit Enter:

64) Move the selector to the Use As and hit Enter:

65) Select the EXT3 Journaling File System and hit Enter:

66) Now move the selector to the Mount Point and hit Enter:

67) Select the / – The Root File System and hit the Enter:

68) Finally select the Done Setting Up the Partition to complete the procedure:

69) The final outlook of the partition should be like below. Once confirmed, move the selector to the most bottom of the screen to select the Finish Partitioning And Write Changes To Disk and hit enter:

70) Just press Yes if you confirmed the partitions:

71) Then just follow the normal installation procedure. Once the server has been rebooted, log in as root and type cat /proc/mdstat to view the RAID status:

72) By default, the GRUB boot loader only were installed in one of the hard disk only. If you forgot this step, your second hard disk can’t boot by itself. You need to copy the GRUB from the SDA to SDB. Just type grub and follow like below, line by line:

device (hd0) /dev/sda
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
device (hd1) /dev/sdb
root (hd1,0)
setup (hd1)
 

73) For Ubuntu users version 9.10 and above, the system will install the boot loader in both partition during setup as long as you enabled the Boot from Degraded Disk option.

74) Please take note that the software RAID will be running under MDADM. This is a software that being developed to handle the RAID procedure inside the server. You can type mdadm –help for further information

The server’s software RAID should be running fine now. Happy trying